Uterine cancer, or more precisely endometrial cancer, is less common than breast cancer, but poses a serious risk for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. With the onset of hormonal changes, the risk of its occurrence increases several times, and reaches its peak by the age of 60-65. After that, the degree of risk begins to decrease, and after about 75 years, the probability of developing cancer becomes twice as low as during the "peak" period.
What can cause this disease?
It is known that endometrial cancer develops against the background of hyperplasia, that is, an increase in the volume and functional layer of the uterus. Thus, the condition for its occurrence is hyperplastic processes occurring in the endometrium. In turn, they most often occur as a result of hormonal changes, namely an excess of estrogen combined with a lack of progesterone.
Elevated estrogen levels may be caused by:
Fatness.Adipose tissue synthesizes its own hormones of this group, as a result of which their level exceeds the upper limit of normal values. Polycystic ovaries. This syndrome is characterized by excessive formation of androstenedione, an estrogen precursor. Taking hormonal medications (hormone replacement therapy). Oestrogen-containing drugs are often prescribed to women with severe menopausal syndrome. Endometrial growth is one of the side effects of these drugs. Excessive consumption of phytoestrogens (soy). This point remains controversial, as many studies show the positive effect of these substances on the condition of the uterine mucosa. Frequent contact with xenoestrogens. These substances are produced as a result of industrial activities (for example, in the production of polymers).
Infertility associated with a large number of anovulatory cycles, as well as a small number of births and the late onset of menopause are considered risk factors for the development of this pathology.
When should I be alert?
With regard to hypertrophic processes in the uterine cavity, it is necessary to warn about vaginal intermenstrual bleeding and frequent (or prolonged) delays in menstruation, followed by heavy uterine bleeding.
The malignant nature of the pathology can be judged only after examining samples of overgrown tissue under a microscope. The symptoms characteristic of cancer (pain, weight loss, weakness, and subfebrile fever) appear only in the later stages of the disease.
What is the diagnosis?
During the diagnosis, the following are performed:
objective gynecological examination; CT and MRI ultrasound; cytological analysis of aspirate from the uterine cavity; hysteroscopy.
But the diagnosis is based on the detection of atypical cells in samples obtained during diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity.
What will be the treatment?
Treatment for endometrial cancer usually involves removal (depletion) of the uterus and appendages, with or without removal of the upper third of the vagina. According to the indications, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as hormone therapy, are used. The country's leading medical institutions - in particular, the Swiss University clinic - use international protocols and the most effective methods to combat this disease, allowing them to achieve high results even in the late stages of cancer. The percentage returned depends on your activity level and the specific promotion running at that time, with higher tiers receiving better rates. To qualify for the enhanced cashback rate that is not available to every user, you must enter a special identifier during the qualifying period; that identifier is promo code for melbet instant cashback on net losses up to $200 – and it transforms a disappointing week into a partial recovery. This bonus is particularly valuable for high-volume bettors who place many wagers, as it effectively reduces the house edge over time.
